ICHST
InternationalConventiononHumanity
SustainabilitytTechnology

Research
Article submitted to journal
https://conference.unupasurua.ac.id/index.ph
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Subject Areas:
Enviromental Resilience

Keywords:
Environmental Graphic Design,
Information Media, Kakek Bodo
Waterfall, Nature-based Tourism

Ecologically and
Technology-Driven
Environmental Graphic
Design: Enhancing Visitor
Experience and
Commitment to
Sustainability at Kakek
Bodo Waterfall, Pasuruan
Yosi Afril Amalia Putri 1 , Eka Rini Widya Astuti 2

Author for correspondence:

1.

Universitas Muhammadiyah Riau, Indonesia

widya.erdya@unupasur
uan.ac.id

2.

Universitas Muhammadiyah Riau, Indonesia

3.

Universitas Muhammadiyah Riau, Indonesia

The Kakek Bodo Waterfall natural tourism area in Pasuruan has high ecological
and historical potential, but the effectiveness of information communication
to visitors is hampered by the lack of Environmental Graphic Design (EGD)
integrated with sustainability principles. This research is driven by the urgency
to optimize the human experience (Humanity) and internalize conservation
messages (Sustainability) through innovative design solutions. This research
aims to design and validate an EGD system that is effective in navigation,
communication, and integrating aspects of material sustainability,
conservation messages, and the potential adoption of digital technology to
support responsible tourism. Using the Borg & Gall model Research and
Development (R&D) approach, the research involved the stages of data
collection, EGD prototype design (orientation markers, directories,
regulations, and information), expert validation, revision, and effectiveness
testing. The designed EGD system demonstrated a very high level of
feasibility, achieving a validation score of 96.8%, confirming that the design
meets aesthetic and functional standards to enhance visitors' cognitive and
affective interactions. The implementation of EGD focusing on ecology and
design innovation is a minor but strategic intervention to realize sustainable
tourism, highlighting the crucial role of Visual Communication Design in
supporting the sustainability narrative and improving the quality of human
experience in natural areas.

399

1. INTRODUCTION
In the global context of the post-pandemic era, nature-based tourism has emerged as a
primary pillar for sustainable economic recovery and environmental conservation. Globally,
the significance of natural attractions lies not only in their ecological value but also in their
role as psychological refuges for urban populations, necessitating high -standard
management of visitor experiences (Fuchs, 2021; McCreary, 2024). Tourism destinations,
particularly waterfalls and mountainous regions, serve as vital nodes for biodiversity
awareness and local economic empowerment, where the quality of information delivery
becomes a benchmark for service excellence (Vallverdu -Gordi, 2023). However, the global
shift towards "smart tourism" demands that physical sites integrate sophisticated
communication systems to bridge the gap between nature and human understanding. The
Kakek Bodo Waterfall, as a prominent nature-based destination in Pasuruan, represents
this global significance, yet its potential is often stifled by tradit ional management
approaches that overlook the critical role of structured visual communication. Without a
robust information framework, even the most breathtaking natural assets fail to provide a
cohesive and educational visitor journey, highlighting the u rgent need for professional
design interventions in rural tourism landscapes.
The primary problem identified at Kakek Bodo Waterfall revolves around a severe systemic
failure in its information delivery and wayfinding infrastructure. Visitors frequently
encounter cognitive dissonance due to the absence of clear orientation, leading to
navigational frustration and a diminished appreciation of the site's historical and natural
wealth. The main challenge lies in balancing modern design aesthetics with the
preservation of the site's organic atmosphere, where intrusive or poorly designed signage
could disrupt the ecological aesthetic (Hasanah et al., 2022). Furthermore, the lack of
identification and regulatory signs poses safety risks and legal vulnerabilities for the
management, as visitors may inadvertently stray into hazardous zones or violate
conservation protocols. This information vacuum creates a fragmented experience where
the "story" of Kakek Bodo remains untold, and its facilities remain underutilized. The
challenge is exacerbated by the diverse demographic profile of tourists, r equiring a
universal design language that transcends linguistic and cultural barriers while maintaining
local identity.
Extensive research in the field of tourism communication and visual design has been
conducted by several scholars in recent years. Specifically, research related to
"Environmental Graphic Design (EGD) in public spaces" has been explored by Alfarizki and
Fauzan (2024), who focused on urban visual experiences, and Hasanah et al. (2022), who
designed EGD for cultural villages. Research related to "Wayfinding and Navigational
Systems" was analyzed by Calori (2022) and Zhang (2024), emphasizing the technical
aspects of sign placement. Furthermore, studies on "Nature -based Tourism Information
Media" were conducted by Vallverdu-Gordi (2023) and Fuchs (2021), focusing on
environmental awareness. Critically evaluating these works, Alfarizki and Fauzan (2024)
successfully mapped urban visual experiences but failed to address the rugged
topographical constraints of natural forest environments. Hasanah et al. (2022) provided
a strong cultural context but lacked a standardized feasibility validation from design
experts. Calori (2022) offers a comprehensive technical guide, yet it is overly generalized
for Western urban contexts and lacks the "sense of place" required for Indonesian heritage
sites. Zhang (2024) focuses on rural festivals, which are temporary, unlike the permanent
infrastructure needed for a waterfall destination. Vallverdu -Gordi (2023) emphasizes

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semiotics but overlooks the practical R&D aspect of implementation, while Fuchs (2021)
remains purely theoretical without offering a tangible design prototype.
The novelty of this research lies in the integration of the Borg & Gall Research and
Development (R&D) model specifically within the context of a high -altitude natural
waterfall site, a combination rarely explored in recent Indonesian design literature. Un like
previous studies that focus primarily on urban signage or digital apps, this research
develops a physical, weather-resistant, and ecologically harmonious EGD system that
functions as a "silent guide" in a forest environment. The keterbaharuan (innovat ion) is
manifested in the creation of a five-dimensional sign system—orientation, directional,
regulatory, informational, and identification—tailored specifically to the historical narrative
and topographical challenges of Kakek Bodo. This study does not m erely "re-design"
existing signs but creates a completely new visual ecosystem that bridges the gap between
traditional tourism and modern informational standards. By utilizing high -feasibility
validation (96.8%) and effectiveness testing, this research pr ovides a validated blueprint
for nature-based EGD that has not been documented in prior waterfall-specific tourism
studies in the East Java region.
The research gap identified here is the lack of empirical design studies that specifically
address the "Information Media" vacuum in nature-based tourism areas with complex
historical values like Kakek Bodo. While many studies discuss tourism marketing or
economic impacts (Fuchs, 2021), very few provide a concrete, validated design solution
for physical wayfinding in forest terrains. There is a significant disconnect between the
high volume of visitors and the quality of visual communication available on-site, a gap
that previous research has largely ignored in favor of digital-only solutions. This research
distinguishes itself from previous works by focusing on the "tangibility" and "usability" of
physical graphics in an outdoor setting where digital signals (GPS/Internet) are often
unreliable. Unlike the urban-centric approach of Alfarizki (2024) or the temporary event
focus of Zhang (2026), this study addresses a permanent, long -term infrastructural need,
filling the void between environmental psychology and practical graphic design application
in nature tourism.
The theoretical framework underpinning this study is rooted in the Design Thinking theory
popularized by Meinel and Leifer (2022) and the principles of Visual Communication Design
as defined by Lupton (2022). Design Thinking provides a human -centered approach that
prioritizes the user's journey and pain points when navigating unfamiliar environments.
This is supported by the theory of "Wayfinding" as a cognitive process, where the
environment is treated as a set of information cues that the human brain must decode
(Calori, 2015/2022). Furthermore, the research employs the R&D theory of Borg & Gall,
which ensures that every design iteration is scientifically validated and refined based on
expert feedback. These theories collectively form a "Grand Theory" that views design not
as mere decoration, but as a strategic communication system essential for environmental
resilience and tourism sustainability. By combining cognitive psychology (how people find
their way) with design methodology (how we build the tools), this research ensures a
theoretically sound and practically robust output.
The core concepts used in this research include "Environmental Graphic Design (EGD),"
"Information Media," and "Nature-Based Tourism." EGD is conceptualized as a
multidisciplinary field that combines graphic, architectural, interior, and landscape design
to enhance the visitor's experience of a place. Information Media in this context refers to

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the physical artifacts—signs and maps—that transmit data about history, facilities, and
safety. The concept of Nature-Based Tourism is utilized to define the specific constraints
of the site, where the design must respect the "Authenticity" of the natural setting.
Additionally, the concept of "Visual Identity" is applied to ensure that the Kakek Bodo
Waterfall has a distinctive and recognizable brand image through its typography, color
palette, and iconography (Liliweri, 2021). These concepts are synthesized to create a
cohesive design language that speaks to both the functional needs of the visitor and the
aesthetic requirements of the natural landscape.
What makes this research particularly compelling and significant is the unique intersection
between "untouched nature" and "modern structured communication." Kakek Bodo is not
just a waterfall; it is a historical site with a legend that is currently invisible to the naked
eye due to the lack of informational storytelling. It is fascinating to investigate how a welldesigned EGD system can transform a chaotic or "lost" visitor experience into an
educational and spiritually enriching journey. The research is important because it
addresses a critical safety and conservation issue: without proper regulatory signs, the
fragile ecosystem of the waterfall is at risk of human degradation. Furthermore, this study
serves as a pilot project for other nature destinations in Pasuruan, proving that
professional design can directly increase visitor satisfaction and site feasibility. The high
success rate of the prototype validation (96.8%) suggests that there is a deep, unmet
desire among tourists for professional, clear, and aesthetically pleasing information
systems in natural environments.
The primary objective of this research is to design and develop an effective EGD system
as an information medium for the Kakek Bodo Waterfall tourism area. This involves a
comprehensive process of identifying user needs, mapping the site's topographical an d
informational requirements, and creating a validated prototype that meets the highest
standards of feasibility and effectiveness. Specifically, the research aims to provide a
structured set of orientation, directional, regulatory, informational, and iden tification signs
that are not only functional but also visually aligned with the site's natural identity.
Ultimately, the study seeks to improve visitor navigation, enhance the communication of
the site's historical value, and establish a professional visu al identity that elevates Kakek
Bodo’s status as a premier destination in Pasuruan. By fulfilling these objectives, the
research contributes to the broader field of environmental design while providing a
practical, ready-to-implement solution for local tourism management.

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2. RESEARCH METHOD
2.1 Research Design
This study adopts the Research and Development (R&D) method, specifically utilizing the
Borg and Gall model to create a systematic framework for developing Environmental
Graphic Design (EGD) as information media. The research design is meticulously
structured to bridge the conceptual gap between theoretical visual communication
principles and their practical, high-stakes application in nature-based tourism
environments. According to Astuti (2024), the R&D approach is essential for ensuring that
media products, such as signage systems, are not only aesthetically pleasing but also
functionally valid for the end-user in complex physical settings. This design involves an
exhaustive, iterative process of prototyping and evaluation to ensure the final EGD system
effectively addresses chronic navigation issues often found in rugged terrains.
Recent studies by Alfarizki and Fauzan (2024) emphasize that integrated research designs
in visual experiences significantly enhance visitor engagement in cultural and natural
heritage sites by reducing environmental stress. Furthermore, the selection of the Borg
and Gall model allows for rigorous, multi-layered testing phases, including expert
validation, peer review, and field trials, which are crucial for minimizing information
overload and ensuring clarity (Zhang et al., 2022). By following this model, the researcher
can systematically identify design failures early in the development cycle, allowing for data driven refinements that align with the specific spatial characteristics of the site. This
methodology transforms the design process from a purely c reative endeavor into a
scientifically grounded development project that prioritizes user safety and information
accessibility.
Figure 1: Research Flowchart of the Borg & Gall R&D Model The following flowchart
illustrates the comprehensive procedural steps taken in this research, from initial
conceptual information collection to the final product implementation in the field.

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The description of Figure 1 highlights the systematic and non -linear progression required
to transform abstract information needs into a tangible, durable signage system. Each
stage functions as a quality control gate, ensuring that the environmental graph ics are
tailored precisely to the unique geographical challenges and historical context of the Kakek
Bodo Waterfall.
2.2 Data Collection
Data collection is conducted through a robust multi-method approach comprising
participant observation, in-depth semi-structured interviews, and structured
questionnaires to ensure total data triangulation. Researchers directly observe visitor
behavior, movement patterns, and existing navigation gaps at the Kakek Bodo site to
identify specific "pain points" and psychological stressors in the current information
system. These observations are recorded via field notes and photographic evidence to
capture the real-time interaction between visitors and the environment. In -depth
interviews are then conducted with site managers, local historians, and stakeholders to
understand the underlying historical narrative, facility details, and safety protocols that
must be communicated through the new EGD system.
As noted by Vallverdu-Gordi (2023), qualitative data collection in environmental awareness
campaigns is vital for understanding the semiotic relationship between designers and the
public, ensuring that symbols are interpreted correctly. To complement these qualitative
insights, quantitative data is gathered via structured questionnaires distributed to a diverse
sample of visitors to measure their perception of visual clarity, readability, and wayfinding
efficiency. This dual approach aligns with the methodologies used by Fan (2020), who
suggests that multi-source data collection significantly enhances the validity of
environmental information disclosure in high-traffic public areas. By integrating these
diverse data streams, the study avoids the bias of a single-method approach and provides
a holistic view of the information needs within the tourism area.
2.3 Data Analysis
The analysis of data is performed using a sophisticated combination of qualitative
descriptive analysis and quantitative statistical measures to evaluate the feasibility,
usability, and long-term effectiveness of the EGD system. Qualitative data derived fr om
interviews and field observations are meticulously coded and categorized using thematic
analysis to inform the fundamental visual elements of the design, such as typography
choices, color palettes that harmonize with nature, and universal iconography. Q uantitative
data from visitor questionnaires are analyzed using a Likert scale (1-5) to calculate
percentage scores for expert validation and user satisfaction metrics.
This method strictly follows the analysis standards where a score above 80% is considered
highly feasible and ready for implementation (Astuti, 2024). Furthermore, the analysis
considers the psychological and cognitive impact of design, ensuring that the i nformation
media reduces cognitive load for tourists navigating complex natural terrains under varying
weather conditions. McCreary (2024) highlights that analyzing visitor responses to
different information types is critical for adapting nature -based tourism services to modern
climate and social challenges, such as the need for rapid digital-physical information
integration. The resulting analysis serves as the blueprint for the final design revisions,
ensuring that every arrow, sign, and board is backed b y empirical user data.

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2.4 Research Instruments
The research instruments consist of specialized observation checklists, interview guides,
and technical validation rubrics designed specifically for media and material experts. The
observation checklist focuses on the visibility from various distances, pla cement height,
and current physical condition of existing signage, while the validation rubric measures
technical aspects of visual design, information hierarchy, and material durability against
humidity. These instruments are developed based on the five c ore indicators of effective
EGD: orientation, directional, regulatory, informational, and identification functions (Calori,
2015).
The use of standardized rubrics ensures that the feedback from design professionals and
material engineers is objective, measurable, and actionable for the iterative revision phase.
Recent literature by Lupton (2021) supports the use of structured design rubrics to
maintain consistency in visual communication systems across large -scale public spaces,
preventing "visual clutter" that confuses users. Each instrument undergoes a preliminary
pilot test to ensure that the questions and indicators are clear and free of ambiguity. By
employing these detailed instruments, the research captures nuanced data that goes
beyond mere aesthetics, focusing on the functional performance of the signage in a realworld, high-traffic environment.
Table 1: Research Instrumentation and Subject Distribution
Number of
Subject/Population
Location
Purpose
Items
Visitor
15 Items
50 Visitors (Random)
Kakek Bodo
Measure
wayfinding
Questionnaire
Site
effectiveness and UX
Stakeholder
8 Questions
Site Manager & Staff
Prigen,
Gather historical, safety
Interview Guide
Pasuruan
& facility data
Expert
Validation
20 Items
2 Design Experts
UNU
Assess
technical,
Form
Pasuruan
aesthetic &
semiotic
quality
Observation
10 Indicators
Physical Environment
Kakek Bodo
Identify blind spots and
Checklist
Path
navigation gaps
Instrument Type

2.5 Validity and Reliability
To ensure the absolute integrity and academic rigor of the findings, the study employs
construct validity through expert judgment and reliability testing via Cronbach’s Alpha for
the quantitative instruments. Multiple experts in visual communication, environmental
psychology, and tourism management review the EGD prototypes to ensure they meet the
strict semiotic and ergonomic requirements of public information media. This validation
process is crucial to ensure that the icons and symbols used are universal ly understood by
a diverse range of tourists, including those with varying levels of literacy (Meinel & Leifer,
2022).
Additionally, reliability is maintained by conducting small-scale "alpha" trials to test the
consistency of visitor responses to the signage system over different times of the day.
Fuchs (2021) argues that in nature-based tourism, the reliability of information tools is a
key determinant of visitor safety and overall experience quality, making rigorous testing
an indispensable part of the development cycle. Any instrument or design element that
shows inconsistent results during the trial phase is immediately flagged for revision. This
commitment to validity and reliability ensures that the final EGD system is a stable and

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trustworthy source of information for the public.
2.6 Research Subject and Location
The research is localized at the Kakek Bodo Waterfall tourism area in Prigen, Pasuruan, a
site characterized by its challenging natural terrain, steep inclines, and deep historical
significance. The subjects of this study include the administrative managem ent of the
tourism area and the visitors who represent a diverse demographic of nature enthusiasts,
families, and students. This specific location was chosen due to its documented lack of an
integrated EGD system, which currently leads to visitor confusion and underutilization of
the site's historical features.
The study focuses particularly on the "santri" and local tourist populations to ensure the
media literacy level is appropriately addressed in the visual design, avoiding overly complex
jargon (Astuti, 2024). Research by Xiang (2020) suggests that the success of social and
information media in tourism is heavily dependent on the specific spatial and cultural
characteristics of the location, justifying the focus on the unique topographical challenges
of Kakek Bodo. By centering the research in this specific locale, the study provides a
tailored solution that respects the local "Genius Loci" (spirit of place) while meeting modern
international tourism standards.
Figure 2: Theoretical Framework of Environmental Graphic Design Elements The
following diagram outlines the complex relationship between the five core types of signage
and the overall quality of the visitor experience in a natural setting.

Figure 2 serves as a vital conceptual guide for the design phase, emphasizing that a
cohesive information environment is not built through isolated signs, but through the
synergy of different functional categories. Each category plays a distinct role in en suring
the visitor feels secure, oriented, and informed throughout their journey, thereby
increasing the perceived historical and natural value of the site (Hasanah et al., 2022).

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Research
Question No.
RQ 1
RQ 2
RQ 3
RQ 4

Table 2: Research Questions and Types of Analysis
Research Question
Types of Analysis
What are the existing information media
gaps and navigation failures at Kakek Bodo
Waterfall?
How can an EGD system be designed to
harmonize with the natural terrain while
improving navigation?
What is the feasibility level of the developed
EGD based on expert validation and
technical rubrics?
To what extent does the implemented EGD
system improve visitor wayfinding efficiency
and site appreciation?

Qualitative
Descriptive
(Thematic
Coding
of
Observations)
Design Thinking, Prototyping &
R&D Iterative Development
Quantitative
Descriptive
(Statistical Percentage Analysis)
Comparative
Analysis
Implementation
vs
Implementation UX)

(PrePost-

3. RESEARCH RESULTS
3.1 Identification of Existing Information Gaps and Field Facts
Based on the initial observation and information collection phase, several critical gaps
were identified regarding the information media at the Kakek Bodo Waterfall site. Field
facts reveal that the current signage system is not only fragmented but also ph ysically
weathered, suffering from severe material degradation that renders the information
effectively invisible to the casual observer. Tourists frequently experienced profound
disorientation at key junctions—specifically at the fork leading to the tomb area and the
upper falls—due to a complete absence of directional signs or the presence of
contradictory visual cues.
Documentation from detailed field notes suggests that approximately 70% of existing
signs are no longer legible; the combination of high humidity, heavy moss growth, and
direct ultraviolet sunlight exposure has caused the paint to peel and the wood to rot. This
empirical finding aligns closely with the research by Alfarizki and Fauzan (2024), which
states that neglected physical signage in nature -based tourism significantly degrades the
visual experience, creates a sense of abandonment, and diminishes visitor confidence in
the management's professionalism. Furthermore, the lack of a unified visual identity
means that the few existing signs vary wildly in color, font, and icon style, failing to
establish a "sense of place" or a recognizable brand for the Kake k Bodo area.
Figure 3: Mapping of Information Gaps at Kakek Bodo Site The flowchart below
traces the transition from identified environmental "pain points" to the conceptual
information needs of the visitors, illustrating the logical hierarchy of system failure.

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The description of Figure 3 illustrates how factual errors in the field —such as faded
identification signs and broken regulatory boards —lead to a total breakdown in the
communication system between the site management and the visitors. These findings
serve as the baseline data for the development of the new EGD prototypes, emphasizing
that the problem is not merely aesthetic but a fundamental failure of information
architecture.
3.2 Analysis of Visitor Navigation Behavior and Activity
During the research, extensive activity tracking was conducted to observe how visitors
interact with the rugged terrain and existing cues. A common occurrence observed was
"backtracking," where visitors returned to a previous point because they missed the
hidden path to the secondary waterfall area or the historical tomb site. This behavior is
symptomatic of poor "pre-signal" placement. Transcripts from field interactions show a
high frequency of verbal inquiries directed at local food vendors and parking a ttendants
rather than relying on signs. Visitors were observed hesitating for an average of 45 -60
seconds at the main forest intersection before choosing a path, often following other
groups blindly instead of following a designated route.
This behavior confirms the "information overload" and "social overload" theories discussed
by Zhang et al. (2022), where poorly designed or ambiguous stimuli cause users to
abandon physical tools in favor of interpersonal communication to reduce their cogn itive
burden. In the context of Kakek Bodo, the physical environment is already demanding;
adding the stress of poor navigation leads to a diminished emotional experience. This
study identifies that visitors' primary activity during "information seeking" is searching for
recognizable landmarks, which are currently unmarked, thus increasing the risk of visitors
straying into unauthorized or dangerous areas.

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Table 3: Detailed Distribution of Visitor Activity and Information Seeking Patterns
Activity
Frequency/
Documentation
Analysis Result & Implications
Observed
Occurrences
Evidence
Verbal
High
(8-10
Audio Log #1: Vendor
Deep lack of trust in existing tools;
Wayfinding
times/hour)
Interview & Logs
heavy reliance on local people.
Wrong
Moderate (4-5
Photo Log #4: Junction A
Misleading arrows or total absence of
Turns/Circles
groups/hour)
(Fork Area)
direction at critical decision points.
Information
Very
High
Video Observation Log #2
Cognitive maps are failing; visitors
Hesitation
(avg. 50s)
feel unsafe moving forward without
certainty.
Photo Stopping
Very High
Photo Log #9: Entrance &
High potential for EGD to serve as
Viewpoints
branding/identity markers for social
media.

The data in Table 3 indicates that the primary dimension used in this study is the
Functional-Navigation Dimension, where the effectiveness of a sign is measured by
its ability to prevent wrong turns and reduce hesitation time. The evidence suggests that
current signs fail this dimension entirely, necessitating a design that prioritizes visibility
and semantic clarity.

3.3 Thematic Analysis of Stakeholder and Subject Interviews
To deepen the understanding of site requirements beyond mere navigation, in -depth
interviews were conducted with site administrators, local guides, and long -time visitors
(including santri from nearby institutions). The dialogue focused on the historical narrative
of "Kakek Bodo"—a figure of local spiritual and historical importance —and the specific
naming of facilities that must be preserved in the new identification signs. This activity
ensures that the content of the EGD system remains culturally relevant and functions as
a vehicle for cultural heritage preservation.
Interview Transcript Excerpt #1 Interviewer (I): "How do visitors usually find or learn
about the history of Kakek Bodo?" Manager (M): "Most of them don't. We used to have a
wooden board with the story, but it rotted away years ago. Now, unless they ask us or a
guide, the history is lost to them." I: "What is the most frequent complaint you hear
regarding the path?" M: "The path to the 'Tomb of Kakek Bodo'. It's up the hill, and people
always get lost near the fork because there is no sign. They end up goin g to the waterfall
instead and miss the historical part of their visit." Local Guide (G): "We need something
that survives the rain. Every rainy season, we lose more signs."
This transcript highlights the Informational Dimension, where historical preservation
through graphic design is prioritized. The absence of historical information media creates
a gap in the "meaning-making" process for tourists, turning a potentially educational visit
into a mere physical walk (Vallverdu-Gordi, 2023). By incorporating the "Kakek Bodo"
narrative into the EGD system, the design adds value to the destination beyond just its
natural beauty.
3.4 Expert Validation Results and Feasibility Analysis
The preliminary EGD prototypes—consisting of five distinct signage types: Orientation
(Maps), Directional (Arrows), Regulatory (Rules), Informational (History), and
Identification (Labels)—were subjected to a rigorous evaluation by media and material

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experts. The evaluation focused on dimensions of typography (readability from 5 meters),
color contrast (using nature-harmonious but high-contrast palettes), and semiotic clarity
(universal understanding of icons). The experts provided "expert notes" which are treated
as documented evidence of the design's evolution from a draft to a final product.
Evaluation
Dimension
Visual Design
Information
Quality
Durability
Branding
Identity
Total Feasibility

Table 4: Comprehensive Expert Validation Scores by Dimension
Indicator
Score
Status
Expert Recommendation
(%)
Contrast,
95%
Valid
Ensure font size for maps is
Typography, & Layout
readable for elderly.
Clarity, Accuracy, &
98%
Valid
Bilingual (Indonesian/English) is
Translation
excellent for international reach.
Material Choice &
94%
Valid
Aluminum panels are superior to
Weather Resistance
wood for this climate.
Color Harmony & Icon
96%
Valid
Green and yellow accents match the
Consistency
forest environment well.
Weighted Average
96.8%
Highly
Proceed to
Small-Scale
Field
Feasible
Testing.

The results in Table 4 show that the design successfully addresses the "error findings"
from section 3.1. By switching from traditional wood (which rots) to Aluminum Composite
Panels (ACP) with UV-resistant printing, the durability dimension is significantly enhanced.
This follows the technical standards for nature-based tourism infrastructure as
recommended by Astuti (2024).
3.5 Analysis of Subject Learning and Media Literacy Response
In this final phase of findings, we analyze the response of the "santri" subjects who
participated in a media literacy trial using the new EGD system. The subjects were asked
to navigate the site using only the new signs, identify the meaning of various ic ons (e.g.,
"no littering," "slippery path"), and follow a set of directions provided on a central map
board. Evidence from their "Worksheet/Answer Sheets" shows a high level of
comprehension and a significant decrease in confusion.
Evidence of Subject Feedback (Document Analysis and Worksheet Snippets)
•

Sample A (Subject 04 - Santri): The subject correctly identified the
"Hazard/Slippery" regulatory sign icon and explained its importance for safety.
Analysis: The semiotic design follows universal standards, making it accessible to
local media literacy levels without requiring prior training.

•

Sample B (Subject 12 - Local Visitor): Noted in the feedback section that the
"Dark Green Color" of the signs helped distinguish the tourism area's branding
while remaining "eye-friendly" against the forest background. Analysis: The
aesthetic dimension successfully creates a sense of place and professional
branding.

•

Navigation Test Result: Subjects who previously took an average of 15 minutes
to reach the Tomb site were able to reach it in 9 minutes using the new directional
signs.

The analysis of these worksheets and tracking logs proves that the Educational
Dimension of the EGD system is functioning correctly. Subjects who previously struggled
with navigation were able to reach their destination 40% faster and reported feeling

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"much more secure" (Subject 08). This outcome supports the findings of Lupton (2021)
regarding the power of structured visual hierarchies in public spaces to empower users
and enhance their literacy of the physical environment.

4. DISCUSSION
The implementation of Environmental Graphic Design (EGD) at Kakek Bodo Waterfall marks a
strategic shift from fragmented signage to a unified visual communication system. This
research demonstrates that the high feasibility score (96.8%) and 40% navigation efficiency
improvement stem from addressing systemic failures in information architecture identified
during field observations. Aligning with Alfarizki and Fauzan (2024), this study confirms that a
cohesive EGD system acts as a "silent guide," restoring visitor confidence and psychological
security. By replacing low-quality wooden signs—which prone to rot in tropical conditions—
with durable Aluminum Composite Panels (ACP) featuring UV-resistant coatings, the study
provides a data-driven response to high-humidity environments, consistent with the resilient
infrastructure standards discussed by Astuti (2024).
The use of durable materials ensures long-term cost-effectiveness and reduces the
maintenance burden on site management. Observations of "information hesitation" and "verbal
wayfinding" mirror the cognitive and social overload described by Zhang et al. (2022). When
cues are ambiguous, visitors instinctively rely on local staff, creating an unnecessary social
burden and risking the spread of inaccurate information. The implementation of clear,
hierarchical signage successfully mitigated this behavior, significantly reducing the
"backtracking" and "decision paralysis" seen in early trials. This underscores a critique of
previous management approaches that relied on sporadic, non-standard signage using
confusing jargon.
Unlike generic systems analyzed by Calori (2015), this EGD system integrates the "Genius Loci"
or unique spirit of the place. Visual elements like forest greens and earthy yellows harmonize
with the natural canopy while maintaining universal accessibility standards. Furthermore, the
inclusion of the "Kakek Bodo" narrative within informational signage addresses a gap in cultural
heritage preservation. Previously, this history was largely "invisible" unless sought through
verbal explanations. Documenting this narrative transforms the visitor's journey into an
immersive cultural experience, aligning with Vallverdu-Gordi's (2023) view that semiotics in
design foster emotional connections between users and site identity.
This research also demonstrates that media literacy among diverse groups, including the local
santri, improves when visual hierarchies follow logical principles. Success in "Worksheet
Analysis" provides empirical support for Lupton’s (2021) principles, confirming that clear
typography and universal icons are essential for democratizing information. The move from
reactive to proactive information strategies effectively reduces risks in dangerous or sensitive
areas, enhancing site security—a key determinant of quality in the modern tourism experience
(Fuchs, 2021). Additionally, the aesthetic consistency established creates a professional brand
identity with high social media promotion potential (Xiang, 2020). Ultimately, effective tourism
information media depends on the intersection of material durability, semiotic clarity, and
cultural relevance.

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5. CONCLUSION
Based on the research findings and comprehensive discussions regarding the development
of Environmental Graphic Design (EGD) as an information medium in the Kakek Bodo
Waterfall tourism area, it can be concluded that the initial identification of the site revealed
significant systemic failures in the existing information architecture, characterized by
weathered materials, illegible signage, and a critical lack of directional cues at key decision
points, which previously led to chronic visitor disorientation and a high reliance on verbal
wayfinding. To effectively address these systemic issues, the developed EGD system —
which strategically integrates orientation, directional, regulatory, informational, and
identification signage—achieved an exceptionally high feasibility score of 96.8% from
media and material experts, confirming that the design is technically sound, aesthetically
harmonious with the natural forest environment, and semiotically clear for a diverse
demographic. Furthermore, the implementation of this new EGD system resulted in a
transformative 40% improvement in navigation efficiency and a significant reduction in
"information hesitation" among visitors, effectively turning a confusing terrain into a
structured and secure educational environment that bridges the gap between physical
navigation and cultural heritage preservation. To address the ongoing challenges in
nature-based tourism management, it is strongly recommended that the management of
Kakek Bodo Waterfall establishes a proactive mainten ance schedule for the newly
implemented ACP-based signage to ensure long-term durability against extreme tropical
humidity while integrating digital touchpoints such as QR codes for deeper multimedia
historical content. Future researchers are encouraged to expand this study by
investigating the impact of augmented reality (AR) navigation within forest terrains or
conducting longitudinal studies on the correlation between integrated EGD branding and
long-term visitor loyalty across other natural heritage sites in Indonesia.

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