Sustainable Process Optimization for Regional Food Security: Mathematical Modeling of Energy and Mass Transfer in a Six-Zone Biscuit Oven

Handik Hendratama; Daning Kinanti Sutama; Auliya Tsabitha; Lutfiyatul Mukhlisah

Authors

Handik Hendratama Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Pasuruan, Indonesia
Daning Kinanti Sutama Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Pasuruan, Indonesia
Auliya Tsabitha Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Pasuruan, Indonesia
Lutfiyatul Mukhlisah Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Pasuruan, Indonesia

Keywords:

Tunnel Oven, Mass Transfer, Energy Efficiency, Process Optimization, Food Security, Sustainability

Abstract

The global imperative for resource efficiency necessitates the optimization of industrial food processing, particularly in the Southeast Asian and Australian regions where the biscuit industry plays a vital role in local economic and food security stability. This research addresses this need by developing and analyzing a robust mathematical model for mass (moisture loss) and heat transfer kinetics within a six-zone industrial tunnel oven used for biscuit production. The primary objective is to enable precise process control to achieve sustainable manufacturing practices, specifically by minimizing energy consumption per unit of product while maintaining optimal quality. Utilizing principles derived from Fick's and Fourier's Laws, the model was validated against experimental data collected from an industrial setting. The results reveal a significant disparity between the theoretical and experimental mass transfer coefficient values ($k_p$), with the theoretical value ($\sim 10^{-7}$ m/s) being five orders of magnitude greater than the experimental value ($\sim 10^{-12}$ m/s). This finding highlights the complex, non-ideal conditions (such as non-uniform airflow and boundary layer resistance) inherent in industrial ovens, underscoring the necessity of this advanced modeling approach. Ultimately, this mathematical framework serves as a critical technological tool for sustainable process control, providing the necessary precision to minimize energy waste, maximize yield, and thus directly bolster regional food security and economic sustainability.

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